Qantas resumed its flights today after an industrial tribunal ordered an end to the strikes that led to the airline's entire fleet being grounded without warning on Saturday.

The first Qantas aircraft to fly in nearly two days took off from Sydney today afternoon, bound for Los Angeles. The airline was not expected to resume a full timetable until tomorrow and the international backlog - estimated at 22,000 passengers - could take days to clear.

It may take much longer for air travellers worldwide to trust Qantas again after its chief executive, Alan Joyce, resorted to the unprecedented tactic of a wholesale grounding in an effort to bring the long-running industrial dispute to a head.

Apologising to the nearly 70,000 people left stranded, Joyce said yesterday that he had been forced to act because Qantas was facing "death by a thousand cuts" as a result of the rolling strikes and overtime bans called by trade unions representing pilots, mechanics, baggage handlers and caterers.

The Government remains furious, however, and Prime Minister Julia Gillard said she did not accept that Qantas' only choice had been the "extreme" step of grounding all planes. 

Transport Minister Anthony Albanese angrily contradicted Joyce's claim that he told the Government "on multiple occasions" that he might take that step.

The Fair Work Australia tribunal, which delivered its ruling in the small hours of yesterday, ordered the unions to halt their industrial action and the airline to resume flying. The two sides have 21 days to reach agreement or face binding arbitration.

The dispute is about pay, conditions including job security, and Qantas' restructuring plans, which will cost 1000 jobs and see a new airline created in a cheaper Asian hub.

Joyce played down any longterm damage to the "Flying Kangaroo" brand. He said: "We will be doing all that we can to put things right."

Experts were divided over what impact it would have.

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